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1. 因果关系

在很多雅思范文中，因果关系的连词出现的几率是非常高的。然而表示同一种关系，我们也可以用不同的连词来表达而达到不同的语言效果。在表达“结果”时，有连词：so, therefore, as a result, consequently, thus, hence等。我们以下面几句话为例，来看看这些词的用法：

1).The late 20th century witnessed the prosperity in science and technology; therefore, it gives rise to the wide application of computers.

therefore, as a result, consequently这组词的用法是介于两个句子之间，且后面加逗号。

2).The late 20th century witnessed the boom of science and technology, thus giving rise to the wide application of computers.

Thus 用于句中，后加V-ing形式。

3).The late 20th century witnessed the boom of science and technology, hence the wide proliferation of computers.

Hence 用于句中，后加n.形式。

以上三句话的意思是相同的，可是运用了不同的连词出来的句子的效果完全不一样。

2、对比关系

在表示 “对比” 关系的连词中，较常见的是以下几个词，我们也通过剑桥上考官范文中的三个例句来看一下。

1).From 1950 onwards, industrial use grew steadily to just over 1000 cube kms, while domestic use rose more slowly to only 300 cube kms.

2).By contrast, those who have spent some time earning a living or travelling to other places, have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on.

可见while表示从句和主句的对比，而by contrast是两个句子间的对比。再看下面这句话：

3).Instead, they reflect the public population of sport in general and the level of public support that successful stars can generate.

此例句考官灵活地使用了instead来表示“然而”这样一种对比关系，突出了连词使用的多样性和地道性。

3、让步和转折关系

在英语中，用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”，其实这两种关系却能表达基本相同的内容。请看下面选自考官范文的句子：

1).In spite of some fluctuation in the expected percentages, the proportion of older people will probably continue to increase in the next two decades in the three countries.

2).However, sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society a person makes, or the level of responsibility he or she holds.

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